Roulette Biased

Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning little wheel.In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18). The First (Famous) Biased Roulette Wheel. The history of players making big money on biased roulette wheels dates back to 1873. That year, a British man known as Joseph Jaggers traveled with a team of six helpers to the casino at Monte Carlo. Biased roulette wheels are wheels with numbers that are more likely to come up than others due to a fault. There are three main kinds of bias and these are pocket, section and dynamic bias. If the colored glue on one of the grooves wear out then that may affect where the ball lands. Roulette brooklyn stubhub Each week, nine contestants perform in front of roulette brooklyn stubhub a panel of rotating judges, and the roulette brooklyn stubhub two contestants with the highest scores advance to the quarterfinals. The Casino is also rebuilding 3rd Street into a two way boulevard to facilitate traffic movement around the site.

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Biased roulette wheels are a phenomenon more common in land-based casinos. When a roulette wheel is biased it has numbers that are more likely to pop-up than others due to a fault of some sorts. The most common kinds of roulette wheel bias are pocket by is section and dynamic bias. In land-based casinos the most common cause for bias is due to wear and tear.

#22 ends up with the best EV (a whopping 16.36%) with the second best number being the #5 with an 8.15% EV. The fact that they are adjacent on the wheel would fit the hypothesis of this being a biased wheel.

As many of you know, there is much debate about wheel bias and detection systems.
I am hoping that this thread can help me separate fact from fiction.
Here is what I have:
7500 Data Points on an automated Wheel.
Number Occurrences Expected Value X2
19 163 196.2105263 5.621202281
35 163 196.2105263 5.621202281
16 164 196.2105263 5.287779535
33 171 196.2105263 3.239228033
27 173 196.2105263 2.745665801
9 175 196.2105263 2.292876101
24 176 196.2105263 2.081770951
26 177 196.2105263 1.880858934
14 177 196.2105263 1.880858934
31 180 196.2105263 1.339281681
11 181 196.2105263 1.179142196
32 184 196.2105263 0.759882539
6 186 196.2105263 0.531341766
23 191 196.2105263 0.138369663
34 194 196.2105263 0.024903998
2 194 196.2105263 0.024903998
10 195 196.2105263 0.007468376
100 197 196.2105263 0.00317653
12 197 196.2105263 0.00317653
25 198 196.2105263 0.016320307
4 200 196.2105263 0.07318726
18 201 196.2105263 0.116910436
30 203 196.2105263 0.234936187
36 203 196.2105263 0.234936187
21 203 196.2105263 0.234936187
50 204 196.2105263 0.309238762
20 205 196.2105263 0.39373447
8 207 196.2105263 0.593305286
3 209 196.2105263 0.833648633
15 210 196.2105263 0.969110007
28 214 196.2105263 1.612886831
13 217 196.2105263 2.202747346
1 217 196.2105263 2.202747346
29 217 196.2105263 2.202747346
17 222 196.2105263 3.389710865
7 223 196.2105263 3.657682968
5 224 196.2105263 3.935848204
22 241 196.2105263 10.22420657
7456 68.10193133
Note: This is a double zero wheel. 100 = 00 and 50 = 0
The critical value appears to suggest that if your hypothesis is that the wheel is fair then you would reject this hypothesis.
1: If you accept this data then how would you use this data similar to other players who have attempted these methods for taking advantage of wheel bias.
2: What other tests should be performed to prove or disprove any suggested bias.
Thanks

I plotted count on a simple excel line chart.It screamed bias.
Then I realised the counts had been sorted so it stopped screaming.
Armed with map of the wheel, I sorted by number position.
Got the rather subjective conclusion that the numbers near 5 and 22 were 'hotter' than those diametrically opposite.
If I were analysing this properly, I'd start by separating clockwise and anticlockwise spins.

So long as you have a sufficient sampling size, AND IDENTIFYING MARKS (so you're sure the wheel has not ever been changed out during your trials), then the minimum number of trials to identify a bias is usually around 7500-8000.

I have to admit this issue of adequate sample size is something that has been bugging me for several months, ever since I read Stanford Wong's book 'On Dice'. He seemed to be saying with carefully constructed tests, even a hundred data points would suffice. Granted, that was for dice rather than roulette, but it still seems a small number. It got me curious enough that even tho I hated statistics in college (my least favorite math course) I've started trying to learn more on the subject. From what I can grok, the greater the bias, the smaller the sample size required to generate a P-value that is sufficient to reject the null hypothesis. Sounds reasonable but until you sample a ton of data, how do you know if it is a biased wheel? The 7000 number FEELS right but is there any formula that can be used to figure out what a reasonable sample size should be in a given situation?

I am hoping that this thread can help me separate fact from fiction.

The problem is separating fact from EMOTION.
People WANT a biased wheel that they can walk up to and get rich with despite the fact that all the people who have been playing there do not see any bias, all the people working there do not see any bias, all the computers owned by the casino do not see any bias, all the managerial reporting programs from accounting do not see any bias.... but lo and behold when THEY walk up to the roulette wheel they will somehow detect and exploit that bias which only they themselves can see. And during that period of exploitation ain't nobody gonna adjust the thermostat or use a vacuum cleaner or nudge the wheel or even give it a good hard stare.
Data Points? Heck, if you really want to believe in something you don't need any datapoints at all. If the pornslapper's photocard says 'Not An Agency' you can choose to believe it. If you want the wheel to be biased you can believe it. You don't need data points to feed a fantasy.
If you think the wheel is biased start betting octants, if your bank roll dwindles, it ain't biased.That number 22 is 3.24 deviations to the right of expectations, which is getting pretty convincing.
Only 1 in 1,675 chance this result just happens to be out there by luck.
There is no magic number for sample size. If this bias is true and you did 20,000 spins you could just state the same result with more confidence. But 99.94 % confidence (1674/1675) is pretty good...I would be betting heavily on number 22. Have to keep in mind though that single number bets are very high variance, so even with a huge 16.4% advantage, there's still over a 25% chance you will have lost money after 500 bets. So you might need a few days of playing to successfully exploit this.
The sample size needed to give confidence is going to vary based on how biased the wheel is and what kind of bet you're testing for. Testing a single number on a slightly biased wheel will take many more samples than testing a quadrant on a very biased wheel.
By the way the 'quadrant' of the ten numbers 17-5-22-34-15-3-24-36-13-1 is even more biased than number 22. It comes up 2,113 times vs expected 1,962. That's 3.97 deviations out, and there’s only a 1 in 27,651 chance of that happening by chance alone.

Roulette isn’t the first game that people come running to when they’re looking to beat the casino. After all, roulette doesn’t have a commonly-known advantage play technique, like blackjack (card counting).

Nevertheless, this game can be beaten through wheel bias. This advantage gambling method has helped some players win millions of dollars.

The catch, though, is that wheel bias isn’t as easy to pull off these days. In fact, some players don’t think that it’s possible at all.

But you actually can still use wheel bias to earn profits today. I’ll explain how after I discuss more on the technique itself.

How Does Wheel Bias Work?

Wheel bias involves looking for roulette wheels that favor certain pockets and sections. For example, you may discover a wheel that sees the ball go into the 16-4-23-35-14 section a disproportionate amount of times.

This bias occurs when wheels suffer wear and tear and aren’t as random as they’re supposed to be. This phenomenon can occur through a number of ways, including unequal pocket sizes, deformed balls, a shaky wheel shaft, or loose frets.

Of course, the casino doesn’t put a blinking sign next to biased wheels. They normally don’t know about such wheels if they’re still on the floor.

Instead, you need to put the work into figuring out if a casino has one or more biased wheels. Some claim that you can even spot wheel imperfections with a trained eye.

But even if you do think you’ve found an imperfection, you must record results for a measurable amount of time. After all, it’s difficult to notice a deformed ball or shaky wheel shaft before the casino does.

The amount of data you need depends on whether you’re looking for bias towards specific pockets or sections. The latter doesn’t require as much data because it’s easier to spot a biased section than single pockets.

Here’s an example on how you can record data for section bias:

• You track 1,000 spins.
• You put the data into a spreadsheet.
• You discover that a section of 10 numbers between 27 and 6 is biased.

You need to analyze the wheel a lot longer to find out if certain pockets are off. Some believe that you need anywhere between 5,000 and 10,000 spins’ worth of data to discover pocket bias.

Of course, the benefit to looking for individual biased numbers is that you can make more money. Single bets pay out at 35 to 1 when you win.

Why Was Wheel Bias More Common Decades Ago?

As mentioned before, some people have become millionaires through wheel bias. However, these stories seem more like ancient legends than feats that can still be accomplished today.

For example, an English engineer named Joseph Jagger made a £65,000 profit (£7 million) while playing roulette in Monte Carlo. He took advantage of a biased wheel at the Beaux-Arts Casino before the employer switched around the wheels to throw him off.

In the 1990s, Gonzalo Garcia-Pelayo made over €1.5 million at a combination of Spanish and Las Vegas casinos. His story was documented in a History Channel documentary called Breaking Vegas: The Roulette Assault.

Jagger and Pelayo aren’t the only players who’ve won big through roulette. But stories of heroic winners are becoming less common today.

What’s changed from the nineties and beforehand? The roulette wheels.

In recent years, they’ve rolled out Starburst wheels. Developed by John Huxley, the Starburst model features metal frets and shallower pockets. These two features help eliminate two of the main sources for bias.

British casinos were the first to roll out Starburst wheels. They did so after finding that they were losing a bunch of money to roulette players in the 1980s.

Atlantic City and Vegas casinos have since followed suit. Therefore, you’ll have a tougher time finding a beatable roulette game today than ever before.

Casinos Have Stepped up Their Game These Days

Starburst roulette wheels aren’t the only things that gambling establishments have changed. Nowadays, casinos run regular inspections on roulette wheels to ensure they’re running properly.

Staff members are trained to look at the wheel shaft, frets, pockets, balls, and more. They’re very good at identifying when one or more of these elements are out of whack.

They also electronically monitor results. You’ve probably noticed electronic boards near roulette wheels that display the last 10 or 20 numbers.

These boards serve two purposes:

• To prevent wheel bias
• To cater to players who like gambling based on past results

Between the combination of more frequent inspections and better equipment, casinos do a better job of stopping wheel bias than at any other point in history.

Finding Biased Roulette Wheels Today

TCS John Huxley provides revolutionary wheels and equipment that help casinos prevent advantage play. Nevertheless, modern technology hasn’t completely closed out the chance of bias.

This tech mainly concentrates on winning numbers over a long period of time. It doesn’t, however, keep track of various factors that can lead to biased numbers (e.g. ball, casino temperature, shaft).

They’d rather only take action if somebody exploits a wheel instead of adding an expensive replacement.

That said, wheel bias is still possible to some extent. Here’s a recap of certain factors that can lead to a biased wheel:

• Bent frets — Over time, frets can become bent or suffer other damage.
• Deformed balls — A ball can suffer nicks or even complete design flaws. Such balls make a rattling sound on the track.
• Deformed ball track — Sometimes, the entire ball track will be messed up. In these cases, the ball will make a rattling sound at specific points on the wheel.
• Flawed wheel shaft — The wheel shaft can become uneven over time and slightly shift the wheel toward a certain section.
• Older wheels — Some casinos still opt for classic roulette wheels that aren’t as costly. These don’t have metal frets and shallow pockets, leaving them more susceptible to bias.

Conclusion

Roulette wheel bias certainly isn’t as easy to pull off as it was decades ago. Casinos have taken big steps to cut off this advantage play technique.

For starters, most gambling venues now employ Starburst wheels. These feature shallower pockets and metal frets in an effort to prevent wear and tear.

Roulette Bias System

Roulette Biased

Casinos also perform regular inspections on their wheels. Staff members look for various flaws that could lead to wheel bias each day.

Gambling establishments also have electronic boards that track results. These boards feed the casino data, which they can use to figure out if any pockets or sections are biased.

These factors make it harder to earn money from wheel bias than in the past, when players like Joseph Jagger and Gonzalo Garcia-Pelayo made fortunes. Nevertheless, this advantage play technique is still possible to some degree.

The key is to understand some of the factors that can cause wheel bias.

Assuming you can master spotting these imperfections, or perceived imperfections, then you can move on to recording results. The point of recording spins is to gather enough evidence to confirm the bias.

You’ll need at least 500 to 1,000 spins to find section bias with any degree of success. Anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 spins can provide you with pocket bias.

Unfortunately, finding such wheels is harder than ever before. But you can still do it by sticking to tried-and-true methods and putting enough work into the matter.